References

Budelman, A. 1988. The decomposition of the leaf mulches of Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium and Flemingia macrophylla under humid conditions. Agroforestry Systems 7:33-62.

Budelman, A. 1989. Nutrient composition of the leaf biomass of three selected woody leguminous species. Agroforestry Systems 8:39-51.

Duguma, B., B.T. Kang and D.U.U. Okali. 1988. Effect of pruning intensities of three woody green manures produced by alley cropping in west Sumatra. Agroforestry Systems 6:19-35.

Evensen, C.I., T.S. Dierolf and R.S. Yost. 1995. Decreasing rice and cowpea yields in alley cropping on a highly weathered Oxisol in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Agroforestry Systems 31:1-19.

Fernandes, E.C.M. 1990. Alley Cropping on an Acid Soil in the Peruvian Amazon: Mulch, Fertilizer, and Hedgerow Root Pruning Effects. Ph.D. Dissertation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.

Fernandes, E.C.M., Davey, C.B. and Nelson, L. (1993a) Alley cropping on an acid soil in the Upper Amazon: Mulch, fertilizer and hedgerow root pruning effects. In: Ragland, J. and Lal, R. (Eds.) Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture in the Tropics. American Society of Agronomy (ASA) Special Publication 56. Madison, WI. pp 77-96.

Fernandes, E.C.M., Garrity, D.P., Szott, L.T. and Palm, C.A. (1993b) Use and potential of domesticated trees for soil improvement. In: Leakey, R and Newton, A.C. (Eds.) Tropical Trees: The Potential for Domestication - Rebuilding Forest Resources. The Institute of Terrestrial Ecology/HMSO, London. pp 218-230.

Giller, K.E. and K.F. Wilson. 1991. Nitrogen Fixation in Tropical Cropping Systems. C.A.B. International, Wallingford, UK.

Haggar, J.P. and J.W. Beer. 1993. Effect on maize growth of the interaction between increased nitrogen availability and competition with trees in alley cropping. Agroforestry Systems 21:239-249.

Haggar, J.P., G.P. Warren, J.W. Beer and D.C.L. Kass. 1991. Phosphorus availability under alley cropping and mulched and unmulched sole cropping systems in Costa Rica. Plant and Soil
137:275-283.

Haggar, J.P., E.V.J. Tanner, J.W. Beer and D.C.L. Kass. 1993. Nitrogen dynamics of tropical agroforestry and annual cropping systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 25:1363-1378.

Hulugalle, N.R. and J.N. Ndi. 1994. Changes in soil properties of a newly-cleared Ultisol due to establishment of hedgerow species in alley cropping systems. Journal of Agricultural Science
122:435-443.

Jama, B., A. Getahun and D.N. Ngugi. 1991. Shading effects of alley cropped Leucaena leucocephala on weed biomass and maize yield at Mtwapa, Coast Province, Kenya. Agroforestry Systems 13:1-11.

Kang, B.T. 1993. Alley cropping: past achievements and future directions. Agroforestry Systems 23:141-155.

Kang, B.T. and N.R. Hulugalle. 1992. Effects of no-tillage and alley cropping on soil properties of tropical Alfisols. Paper presented at International Conference on Alley Farming, 14-18 September, 1992, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Kang, B.T., G.F. Wilson and L. Sipkens. 1981. Alley cropping maize (Zea mays L.) and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala Lam.) in Southern Nigeria. Plant and Soil 63:165-179.

Karim, A.B. and P.S. Savill. 1991. Effect of spacing on growth and biomass production of Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Walp in an alley cropping system in Sierra Leone. Agroforestry Systems 18:213-222.

Lal, R. 1989a. Agroforestry systems and soil surface management of a tropical Alfisol. I. Soil moisture and crop yields. Agroforestry Systems 8:7-29.

Lal, R. 1989b. Agroforestry systems and soil surface management of a tropical Alfisol. II. Water runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss. Agroforestry Systems 8:97-111.

Lal, R. 1989c. Agroforestry systems and soil surface management of a tropical Alfisol: IV: effects on soil physical and mechanical properties. Agroforestry Systems 8:197-215.

Lawson, T.L. and B.T. Kang. 1990. Yield of maize and cowpea in an alley cropping system in relation to available light. Agricultural and Forest Meterology 52:347-357.

MacLean, R.H., J.A. Litsinger, K. Moody and A.K. Watson. 1992. The impact of alley cropping Gliricidia sepium and Cassia spectabilis on upland rice and maize production. Agroforestry Systems 20:213-228.

Mapa, R.B. and H.P.M. Gunasena. 1995. Effect of alley cropping on soil aggregate stability of a tropical Alfisol. Agroforestry Systems 32:237-245.

Nair, P.K.R. 1993. An Introdution to Agroforestry. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Palm, C.A. 1995. Contribution of agroforestry trees to nutrient requirements of intercropped plants. Agroforestry Systems 30:105-124.

Palm, C.A. and P.A. Sanchez. 1990. Decomposition and nutrient release patterns of the leaves of three tropical legumes. Biotropica 22:330-338.

Palm, C.A. and P.A. Sanchez. 1991. Nitrogen release from the leaves of some tropical legumes as affected by their lignin and polyphenolic contents. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 23:83-88.

Paningbatan, E.P. 1990. Alley cropping for managing soil erosion in sloping lands. Transactions 14th ISSS Congress, Kyoto, Japan. Vol VII, pp. 376-377.

Pellek, R. 1992. Contour hedgerows and other soil conservation interventions for hilly terrain. Agroforestry Systems 17:135-152.

Peoples, M.B. and Herridge, D.F. 1990. Nitrogen fixation by tropical legumes. Advances in Agronomy. 44: 155-223.

Rippin, M., J.P. Haggar, D. Kass and U. Köpke. 1994. Alley cropping and mulching with Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F. Cook and Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.: effects on maize/weed competition. Agroforestry Systems 25:119-134.

Rosecrance, R.C., J.L. Brewbaker and J.H. Fownes. 1992a. Alley cropping of maize with nine leguminous trees. Agroforestry Systems 17:159-168.

Rosecrance, R.C., S. Rogers and M. Tofinga. 1992b. Effects of alley cropped Calliandra calothyrsus and Gliricidia sepium hedges on weed growth, soil properties, and taro yields in Western Samoa. Agroforestry Systems 19:57-66.

Ruhigwa, B.A., M.P. Gichuru, B. Mambani and N.M. Tariah. 1992. Root distribution of Acioa barteri, Alchornea cordifolia, Cassia siamea and Gmelina arborea in an acid Ultisol. Agroforestry Systems 19:67-78.

Salazar, A., L.T. Szott and C.A. Palm. 1993. Crop-tree interactions in alley cropping systems on alluvial soils of the Upper Amazon Basin. Agroforestry Systems 22:67-82.

Schroth, G. 1995. Tree root characteristics as critieria for species selection and systems design in agroforestry. Agroforestry Systems 30:125-143.

Schroth, G. and W. Zech. 1995. Above- and below-ground biomass dynamics in a sole cropping and an alley cropping system with Gliricidia sepium in the semi-deciduous rainforest zone of West Africa. Agroforestry Systems 31:181-198.

Schroth, G., R. Balle and R. Peltier. 1995. Alley cropping groundnut with Gliricidia sepium in Côte d'Ivoire: effects on yields, microclimate and crop disease. Agroforestry Systems 29:147-163.

Singh, R.P., C.K. Ong and N. Saharan. 1989. Above and below ground interactions in alley cropping in semi-arid India. Agroforestry Systems 9:259-274.

Szott, L.T. and D.C.L. Kass. 1993. Fertilizers in agroforestry systems. Agroforestry Systems 23:157-176.

Szott, L.T., E.C.M. Fernandes and Sanchez. 1991a. Soil plant interactions in agroforestry systems. Forest Ecology and Management 45:127-152.

Szott, L.T., C.A. Palm and P.A. Sanchez. 1991b. Agroforestry on acid soils of the humid tropics. Advances in Agronomy 45:275-301.

Yamoah, C.F., A.A. Agboola and K. Mulongoy. 1986. Decomposition, nitrogen release and weed control by prunings of selected alley cropping shrubs. Agroforestry Systems 4:239-246.

Introduction | Definition | Hedgerow Species I Species Selection Criteria | Soil Organic Matter & Nutrients | System Management | Crop Yields | Soil Conservation | Weed Dynamics | Tree-Crop Competition | Conclusions | References

BACK

Funded by a grant from the Cornell Agroforestry Working Group (CAWG) and the Distance Learning Program of the Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development (CIIFAD).