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Forest
clearing
by
slash-and-burn
farmers
was
shown
to
be
driven
by
poverty,
food
insecurity
and
unsustainable
cropping
practices.
These
constraints
were
detailed
and
analysed
in
a
report
produced
by
WRI,
which
synthesised
baseline
information
on
the
political
economy
of
shifting
cultivation
and
slash-and-burn
agriculture.
(2)
Identification
of
priority
policy
constraints
for
sustainable
land-use
systems.
Analysis
of
the
current
policy
environments
in
benchmark
countries
confirmed
that
principal
policy
constraints
include:
-
colonisation
and
road
building
policies
(Brazil,
Indonesia)
-
tax
and
credit
policies
favouring
land
clearing
(Brazil)
-
resource
tenure
policies
(all
countries)
-
negative
international
terms
of
trade
in
humid
forest
zones
and
fluctuations
in
market
prices
for
principal
agricultural
commodities,
timber
and
non-timber
tree
products
(all
countries)
-
lack
of
involvement
of
local
communities
in
management
of
their
natural
resources
(all
countries).
(3)
Initial
estimates
of
carbon
balance.
The
carbon
stocks
and
fluxes
associated
with
different
land
uses
were
measured
by
national
scientists
at
the
three
benchmark
sites
using
standardised
field
methods.
Carbon
pools
were
measured
at
61
field
sites
and
in
9
different
land
uses
(primary
forest,
logged-over
forest,
secondary
forest,
fallows,
crop
land,
pastures,
plantations,
multistrata
agroforests
and
abandoned
land).
Carbon
accumulation
during
fallow
recovery
was
quantified
permitting
prediction
of
the
carbon
sequestration
changes
accompanying
increased
land
use
pressure
and
reduced
fallow
intervals.
The
carbon
flux
measurements
can
be
extrapolated
in
two
different
ways.
Land-use
inventories
are
available
for
the
benchmark
sites
with
classes
that
correspond
to
the
land
uses
in
which
carbon
was
measured.
Simple
accounting
procedures
can
thus
derive
an
estimate
of
total
carbon
stocks
for
a
given
inventory
entry.
Some
initial
examples
of
land-use
changes
with
global
incremental
benefits
in
terms
of
carbon
sequestration
which
are
in
addition
technically
feasible
and
economically
viable
from
the
farmers
perspective
were
identified.
In
Cameroon,
where
a
disproportionate
amount
of
biomass
carbon
is
contained
in
the
few
largest
trees,
it
was
shown
that
improved
land
conversion
methods
would
conserve
25-40%
of
the
live
tree
biomass
carbon
that
is
otherwise
lost
to
the
atmosphere
(approximately
75
t
ha-1.)
In
Rondonia,
Brazil,
farmers
have
the
opportunity
to
transplant
indigenous
timber
and
fruit
tree
species
into
the
recovering
pasture
fallows.
Such
silvopastoral
systems
can
sequester
125
t
C
ha-1
in
tree
biomass
within
twenty
years.
(4)
Testing
models
for
initial
predictions
of
carbon
storage
and
loss.
Data
from
the
benchmark
sites
were
used
as
input
files
for
the
CENTURY
Ecosystem
Carbon
Simulation
Model
to
explore
the
effects
of
the
alternative
land
management
strategies
on
carbon
dynamics
over
varying
time
periods.
Examples
of
model
outputs
include
defining
system
carbon
management
regimes
(Brazil)
and
soil
carbon
with
and
without
organic
input
and
erosion
control
regimes
(Cameroon).
(5)
Additional
achievements.
The
GEF-funded
research
in
Phase
I
yielded
results
beyond
those
definable
in
terms
of
the
contracted
outputs.
A
particularly
interesting
outcome
derived
from
the
work
in
Indonesia.
Inconsistent
laws
on
forest
land
use
had
created
a
legal
basis
for
overlapping
claims
over
forest
land
and
was
resulting
in
conflicts
between
the
customary
claims
of
local
people
and
the
'rights'
of
forest
production
interests.
This
legal
ambiguity
caused
insecurity
for
smallholders
and
large-scale
operators
alike
and
undermined
incentives
for
sustainable
resource
management.
During
Phase
I,
the
ASB
consortium
held
a
workshop
on
people's
participation
in
developing
strategies
for
managing
degraded
Imperata
grasslands
in
Indonesia.
This
was
followed
by
a
series
of
discussions
between
the
Department
of
Forestry
and
ASB
partners,
at
the
request
of
the
Department
of
Forestry.
As
a
consequence
of
the
discussions
at
the
workshop,
the
Minister
of
Forestry
requested
ASB
to
advise
and
support
his
department
in
the
framing
of
an
appropriate
institutional,
regulatory
and
policy
reform
for
removing
the
current
contradictions
in
the
legislation.
Implementation
of
this
reform
(see
Phase
II
report)
should
lead
to
decreased
land
degradation
and
increased
biodiversity
conservation
by
smallholders
and
therefore
to
global
environmental
benefits.
Introduction
|
Goal
of
the
ASB
Program
|
The
ASB
Consortium
|
Management
and
Operational
Structure
|
Donors
to
the
ASB
Program
|
ASB
Phase
1
(1994-1995)
|
ASB
Phase
2
(1996-1998)
|
ASB
Phase
3
(1999-2002)
|
ASB
Publications
|
ASB
Links
BACK
Page
preparation
by
Dr.
Erick
C.M.
Fernandes,
Cornell
University.
--ASB
Global
Coordinator
(1998-1999)--
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